Below are definitions of terms commonly used by Customs Administrations. For definitive description of the term used, it is advisable to refer to the Customs Laws in each country as the scope and understanding of the same term may vary. However for a layman's and business community the definitions as below would generally suffice.
The definitions are extracted from ASEAN Agreement on Customs 2007
Customs & SST Malaysia
Some matters of Interest to Public and Officers of the Dept on Customs Law and Regulations. Customs Enforcement in Malaysia covers a wide variety of matter which includes Imports and Exports, Prohibited or Conditionally Controlled Imports or Exports, Collection of Indirect Taxes- Sales tax, Service tax, Excise duty, Trade Facilitation and Anti Money Laundering, Strategic Trade Controls.
Monday, 13 May 2019
Wednesday, 8 May 2019
CUSTOMS VALUATION AND TRANSFER PRICING
New 2018 Edition
The Technical Committee on Customs Valuation under WCO shares
ideas and national practices, including the trade view in the New 2018 edition
Quote “The 2018 edition includes updates to reflect
developments on transfer pricing at the OECD including the OECD/G20 Base
Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project (Chapter 3), information on recent
texts concluded by the Technical Committee on Customs Valuation (Chapter 4),
updates to national initiatives (Annex I) and minor drafting changes.” See the
link at ……. For the full text of the publication.
What is the effect of Transfer Pricing and which are the Agencies that should pay heed:
“How transfer prices are determined in practice can be
important for, and influenced by, a range of regulatory and non-regulatory
factors, including, inter alia, taxes (such as corporate income tax) and
duties.
Transfer pricing is a neutral concept that simply refers to
the determination of transfer prices for transactions between related parties.
As pointed out by Tax Justice Network, “transfer pricing is not, in itself,
illegal or abusive. What is illegal or abusive is … transfer pricing
manipulation or abusive transfer pricing.” (Tax Justice Network).
How transfer prices are determined is essential for defining
the corporate tax base (direct taxation), but in some cases, it may also be important
for a range of other regulatory and non-regulatory purposes, including the
following:
Who should pay attention:
· Tax Authorities -Taxes and duties
(value-added tax/Sales tax, customs duties, mining royalties, and petroleum resource
taxes, for example);
· Corporations law
(directors’ duties, protection of minority shareholders, for example);
· Contractual requirements
(investment contracts, for example);
· Statutory accounting
requirements;
· Foreign exchange
controls;
· Management accounting;
· Internal performance
management and evaluation;
· Employee profit-sharing
requirements;
· Competition law; and
·
Official trade statistics.
The determination of appropriate transfer prices is also
often required for subsidiaries to prepare stand-alone statutory accounts in
order to meet local reporting requirements. Although standards or methodologies
for determining these transfer prices may or may not be provided for under
local, generally accepted accounting principles, the value of associated party
transactions will generally require separate disclosure in the notes to the
accounts, as may any uncertain tax positions related to them.
Regulation of
transfer pricing for direct tax purposes generally involves the prescription of
standards or methodologies. Direct tax transfer pricing regulations, for
example, generally require that transfer prices for transactions between
associated enterprises be determined in accordance with the arm’s length
principle (discussed below). Noncompliance with these regulations will often
result in adjustments to the tax liability and the imposition of penalties and
interest.
A study by Cools (2003) found that “because of the real
threat of audits and penalties, the tax requirements of transfer pricing play a
prominent role in the MNE’s decision-making process” As an increasing number of
countries introduce transfer pricing legislation and increase audit capacity
(see below), this trend will only increase.
Regulation of transfer prices for Customs purposes (i.e.
determination of Customs values) and VAT purposes also generally involves the
prescription of specific standards or methodologies that must be complied with.
However, these standards or methodologies generally differ from those
prescribed for direct tax purposes and have a narrower scope of application.
In addition to taxes and duties, foreign exchange controls,
contractual requirements, and other regulations and administrative practices
can have a substantial impact on the determination of transfer prices. As a
result of the different regulatory and non-regulatory factors that can
influence the determination of transfer prices, MNE groups sometimes face
conflicting requirements. Although congruence is theoretically desirable,
different transfer prices may be recorded or reported for different purposes.”
to read further see WCO Guide 2018 Edition
Post dated 8 may 2019
Sunday, 14 April 2019
Sunday, 31 March 2019
EVENT ORGANISERS / TRADE EXHIBITIONS MANAGERS
Event Organisers or Trade Exhibition businesses should seek Customs advice whether the nature of their business need to be registered under Service Tax Act 2018.Under the previous Service Tax Act 1975 many such businesses were caught unaware that the Department ruled Organisation or Management of Trade Exhibitions are Taxable and were required to account for back taxes short collected.
1. Such businesses felt at it was an unfair decision as the business was not a management or consultancy service provided to another person but was intrinsically related to their legitimate business.Customs reasoning was that it was a special services provided to businesses in a particular Industry for a Specific purpose eg when a further Education Event is organised targeting Colleges and Higher education business or a Real Estate Housing Exhibition is organised for Companies involved in Building and Construction or Renovation business.
2. As an example a trade exhibition event organised for sales promotion on an upcoming Residential, Office and Retail outlets project by a developer on his own would not be regarded as Management services because taking bookings or show-casing models of upcoming project is necessarily an intrinsic part of a Developer of Real estate business provided it is confined to his own projects.
Skop Kerja Dalam Menganjorkan
Pameran
1. Such businesses felt at it was an unfair decision as the business was not a management or consultancy service provided to another person but was intrinsically related to their legitimate business.Customs reasoning was that it was a special services provided to businesses in a particular Industry for a Specific purpose eg when a further Education Event is organised targeting Colleges and Higher education business or a Real Estate Housing Exhibition is organised for Companies involved in Building and Construction or Renovation business.
2. As an example a trade exhibition event organised for sales promotion on an upcoming Residential, Office and Retail outlets project by a developer on his own would not be regarded as Management services because taking bookings or show-casing models of upcoming project is necessarily an intrinsic part of a Developer of Real estate business provided it is confined to his own projects.
BERIKUT ADALAH CONTOH
SATU LAPORAN YANG DISEDIAKAN UNTUK PERMOHONAN KETETAPAN KASTAM BERKAITAN
PENGANJURAN PAMERAN (TRADE EXHIBITION
ORGANISER)
INI MERUPAKAN PERMOHONAN DI BAWAH AKTA CUKAI PERKHIDMATAN
1975. AKTA CUKAI PERKHIDMATAN 2018 MEMPUNYAI PERUNTUKAN YANG SAMA DAN
PERKHIDMATAN YANG DITETAPKAN DIKENAKAN CUKAI DI DALAM JADUAL ADALAH SAMA
(Nama Sebenar syarikat telah ditukar. Apa-apa rujukan kepada
Syarikat yang mempunyai Nama CRJ NET adalah kebetulan dan tidak disengajakan)
Latar Belakang
i. CRJ NET SDN BHD memohon Ketetapan Kastam di
bawah Sek 6A Akta Cukai Jualan 1975 (“ACP” berkaitan:
Ø
Exhibition Organiser (Trade & Consumer)
including Homedec, Archidex, ECO-B and ITEX dsbnya. Activity involves Rental of
Exhibition booths.
Deskripsi Perniagaan CRJ NET SDN BHD
i. CRJ NET SDN BHD menerangkan perniagaan yang
dijalankan adalah menganjorkan perniagaan sendiri dan pendapatan diperolehi
daripada penyewaan booths atau sponsorship (jika ada).
ii. Syarikat menyewa tapak untuk pameran thema tertentu
dan kemudian mencari pihak-pihak yang ingin menyewa booths di tapak pameran
supaya kesemua kawasan tapak digunakan dan pendapatan diperolehi.
iii. Perkhidmatan yang diberikan dalam menjayakan
pameran adalah mendapatkan pihak lain untuk kerja-kerja termasuk ‘booth
construction, A&P, Logistics, Sound & Light, Security dan Lain-lain.
Pihak lain ini akan berhubung secara langsung dengan pelanggannya.
iv. CRJ NET menegaskan bahawa pihaknya tidak
mendapat hasil daripada menguruskan perkhidmatan kepada pelanggan-pelanggannya.
Skop kerjanya terhad kepada penyewaan booths.
v. CRJ NET mencadangkan lagi bahawa apa-apa fungsi
pengurusan yang terlibat dalam menjayakan pameran adalah bersifat ‘furtherance
of our business….and therefore for all intents and purposes is purely for
self-consumption’
Dalam
menganjorkan sesuatu Pameran beberapa
aktiviti adalah terlibat. Berikut di senaraikan aktiviti yang dijalankan:
- Menetapkan
Thema untuk Pameran
- Mencari
lokasi untuk menempatkan pameran-Tapak
- Menetapkan
masa dan tempoh Pameran
- Menentukan
Sasaran pemasaran iaitu pihak-pihak untuk dibuat pemasaran supaya menyertai
pameran
- Kerja-kerja
pemasangan khemah/pondok/bilik/booths pameran, kerja kerja logistics, Sound and
Lights, Security, Langkah Kecemasan,
Floor Manager dsbnya
- Menjayakan
pameran dengan membuat publicity
- Mengadakan
Upacara pembukaan dan penutupan dengan diserikan oleh Orang Ternama
- Mendapatkan
bayaran daripada peserta pameran dan menjelaskan bayaran kepada kontraktor, penyewa
premis, insuran, letrik, air,utilities lain dan bayaran kerosakan dsbnya
Nature of Business Penganjor Pameran:
i.
CRJ NET sebagai satu perniagaan sendiri mempunyai objek perniagaan
sebagai Perancang dan pelaksana (Event) Exhibition. Syarikat menentukan jenis
Pameran yang hendak diadakan dan merancang serta menjayakan pameran. Ini
merupakan core-businessnya, objek keujudan perniagaan
ii. CRJ NET seperti juga perniagaan-perniagaan lain seumpamanya adalah
berbeza dengan perniagaan lain contohnya yang menjalankan latihan. Syarikat
yang menjalankan core business Latihan juga mempunyai fungsi Pengurusan dalam
melaksanakan perniagaan latihan tetapi latihan diberikan kepada individu. Jika
syarikat latihan membantu perniagaan lain contohnya SHELL Msia menguruskan
program latihannya, fungsi yang dijalankan adalah pengurusan.
iii. Bagi
CRJ NET dan
syarikat-syarikat seumpamanya fungsi pengurusan bertujuan menjayakan sesuatu
acara atau projek yang merupakan objektif utama keujudan perniagaan. Objektif
perniagaan seperti CRJ NET adalah menganjorkan ‘Expo’ contohnya ‘Expo
Kecantikkan’, ‘Expo Perumahan’, ‘Expo Décor’, ‘Expo Pendidikan’, ‘Expo Defense’
dsbnya.
Aktiviti Yang Dijalankan
Bagi menganjorkan dan menjayakan
sesuatu ‘Expo’ terdapat beberapa aktiviti yang dijalankan yang kesemuanya
merangkumi ‘Basic Management Functions’ :
i.
PLANNING
PLANNING: Planning
involves choosing tasks that must be performed to attain organizational goals,
outlining how the tasks must be performed, and indicating when they should be
performed.
Planning activity focuses on attaining goals. Managers
outline exactly what organizations should do to be successful. Planning is
concerned with the success of the organization in the short term as well as in
the long term.
Bagi CRJ NET dalam menjalankan aktiviti ‘Planning’ ianya
merancang jenis Thema
untuk pameran. Setelah menentukan Thema, ianya
menggunakan sumber-sumbernya iaitu kakitangan dan kepakaran pengurusan melalui
networking yang telah diujudkan dengan rangkaian industry players di luar
negeri atau dalam negeri untuk menyasar dan memasarkan idea. Juga dalam
merancang, ianya menentukan pihak pihak yang akan terlibat, merancang
mesyuarat, menetapkan milestones untuk implement, tarikh untuk melakukan
sesuatu dan reporting dsbnya
Syarikat syarikat Expo memaklumkan bahawa biaisanya mereka
cuma menganjorkan dua atau paling banyak tiga expo setahun kerana dalam
merancang dan melaksanakan sesuatu expo melibatkan banyak tasks yang tidak
berupaya diselesaikan dalam masa yang singkat.
ii.
ORGANIZING
Organizing can be thought of as assigning the tasks
developed in the planning stages, to various individuals or groups within the
organization. Organizing is to create a mechanism to put plans into action.
People within the organization are given work assignments
that contribute to the company’s goals. Tasks are organized so that the output
of each individual contributes to the success of departments, which, in turn,
contributes to the success of divisions, which ultimately contributes to the success
of the organization.
Bagi CRJ NET, organizing melibatkan kakitangannya yang
diberi tugas pertamanya menghubungi dan menyelaras dengan Tuanpunya tapak
pameran, keduanya menghubungi peserta pameran dan kontraktor serta
sub-kontraktor, allotment of lots, membuat perlantikan dan perjanjian,
mengadakan mesyuarat dengan pihak-pihak ini
serta tugas-tugas berkaitan
iii.
DIRECTING (INFLUENCING)
Influencing is also referred to as motivating,leading or
directing.Influencing can be defined as guiding the activities of organization
members in the direction that helps the organization move towards the
fulfillment of the goals.
The purpose of influencing is to increase productivity.
Human-oriented work situations usually generate higher levels of production
over the long term than do task oriented work situations because people find
the latter type distasteful.
Bagi CRJ NET, directing melibatkan kakitangannya serta pihak
pihak yang terlibat samada peserta dan staf peserta, kontraktor, subkontraktor
atau pihak media, tuanpunya tapak, pihak keselamatan. CRJ NET perlu
menyampaikan maklumat dan berkomunikasi setiap masa jika ada perubahan pelan
atau pelanggan ada perubahan keperluan menyelasaikan masalah, hiccups
dsbnya
iv.
CONTROLLING
It involves establishing performance standards based
on the company's objectives, and evaluating and reporting actual job
performance. Once management has done both of these things, it should compare
the two to determine any necessary corrective or preventive action.
Through controlling, management is able to
identify any potential problems and take the necessary preventative measures.
Management is also able to identify any developing problems that need to be
addressed through corrective action.
Bagi CRJ NET, Controlling melibatkan
monitoring pelaksanaan pelan mengadakan pameran, mengenalpasti hiccups dan
puncanya serta menyelesaikan perkara-perkara berbangkit. Ini melibatkan
contohnya mendapatkan lesen atau permit, kawalan keatas pihak yang menyertai,, menganjorkan
publicity dan iklan, menyesuaikan pindaan pelan atau lain-lain contingency
measures. Juga ianya melibatkan post-mortem survey untuk tujuan menyeleasikan
pertikaian daripada orangramai, peserta pameran, isu-isu bayaran atau pampasan,
kerosakan dsbnya
Cadangan Syarikat berkaitan ‘Rental of Booths’
i. Syarikat
berpendapat ‘rental of booth’ tidak tertakluk kepada cukai perkhidmatan di
bawah Jadual Kedua, Kumpulan butiran r
mengenai ‘Management services’ kerana rental bukannya perkhidmatan pengurusan
ii. Syarikat
berpendapat perniagaannya adalah tidak tertakluk kepada cukai perkhidmatan
kerana mereka mengendalikan atau ‘menguruskan’ pameran sendiri.
iii. Syarikat
berpendapat ianya tidak mendapat pendapatan dengan memberi perkhidmatan pengurusan kepada pelanggannya iaitu ‘the exhibitors’.Syarikat mendapat
pendapatan dengan ‘rental of booths’
Kesimpulan dan Cadangan
a. CRJ NET SDN BHD menjalankan perniagaan
menganjorkan dan menguruskan Exhibitions.
b. Perkhidmatan pengurusan biasanya melibatkan
penyediaan perkhidmatan pengurusan berkaitan sesuatu perkara bagi pihak
syarikat/Organisasi lain.
c. Perniagaan CRJ NET adalah melibatkan
pihak-pihak lain yang mana Syarikat memasarkan/menawarkan perkhidmatan
menganjorkan sesuatu Exhibition dan
juga pihak-pihak lain yang ingin menyertai setelah mendapat tahu tentang
Exhibition yang dianjorkan.
d. ‘Rental of booths’ merupakan suatu mekanisma
bagaimana CRJ NET boleh memasarkan dan mendapatkan pulangan atas nilai kos
dalam menganjorkan dan menguruskan Exhibition. Dengan kaedah ‘rental of booth’ CRJ
NET dapat mengambilkira semua kos yang terlibat dan pihak yang menyertai
dikenakan bayaran atas jumlah ‘booths space’ yang diambil. Juga booths space
adalah cara seragam keseluruhan keluasan tapak Exhibition boleh dibahagikan dan
dipasarkan.
e. Setelah pihak yang menyertai Exhibition
membuat tempahan ‘rental of booths’, kos-kos lain seperti booth construction,
rental of wall partitions, decorations, Sound & Light, A&P dan lain
lain boleh dilakukan sendiri oleh pihak itu sendiri atau meminta CRJ NET
memperkenalkan pihak kontraktor dan sub-kontraktor. Bayaran untuk kos-kos ini
ditanggong sendiri oleh pihak yang menyertai Exhibition walaupun bayaran dibuat
kepada CIS Network untuk ‘rental of booths’.
f.
CRJ NET
perlu itemize semua komponen kos dalam caj ‘rental of booths’ dan mengakaun
untuk komponen kos perkhidmatan pengurusan dan membayar cukai perkhidmatan. Kos
perkhidmatan pengurusan ini adalah perkhidmatan ‘kena cukai’ di bawah Jadual
Kedua, Kumpulan G, butiran 13 ‘r’ : ‘Provision of Management services…’
Peraturan-peraturan Cukai Perkhidmatan
1975.
KEPUTUSAN
KETETAPAN KASTAM
Perkhidmatan yang disediakan
adalah perkhidmatan Pengurusan dan adalah dikenakan Cukai perkhidmatan.
Syarikat dikehendaki memohon lesen
Feb 2014
Intra Group Services by Major Shareholder or Executive Director to Related Companies
1. An individual who is a
director and major shareholder in two companies provides Consultancy services
to both companies. Would such services by the individual to both companies be exempt
under Service Tax Act 2018?
Not so, as Service Tax
Regulations on exemption on intra-group services which includes Accounting services , Legal services and other Consultancy services only applies if such
services are provided by a Company (which has control or controlling interest
over both companies), see First Schedule, paragraph 3
2. The following is a
Report that was prepared on such a case (name of applicant has been changed)
under the previous Service Tax Act 1975 and similar provisions are replicated
in the New Service Tax Act 2018
Pengenalan
MORINARU Tax Consultant Sdn Bhd
memohon pengesahan jika perkhidmatan perundingan yang disediakan oleh seseorang pemegang saham kepada syarikat yang
dimiliki dan dikawal olehnya adalah tidak bercukai kerana disediakan kepada pihak dalam
intra-group.
Perkhidmatan yang disediakan
a. Perkhidmatan yang disediakan adalah perkhidmatan
perundingan yang merupakan perkhidmatan bercukai dalam Kumpulan G, butiran ‘o’.
(New Act doesn’t have ‘o’ but is provided
for under ‘Consultancy services’ also in Group G)
b. Di bawah Jadual Kedua Peraturan 3
dinyatakan bahawa jika suatu syarikat menyediakan perkhidmatan Yang kena Cukai
termasuk jenis butiran ‘o’ kepada syarikat lain dalam kumpulan syarikat yang
sama, perkhidmatan tersebut adalah tidak bercukai.
c. Dalam senario yang dikemukakan oleh
Morison AAC, pemegang saham yang merupakan
seorang individu yang memiliki ‘controlling stake’(lebih daripada 50%
saham) dalam kedua syarikat. Suatu syarikat menyediakan perkhidmatan
perundingan kepada suatu syarikat lain yang juga dimilikinya dan perkhidmatan
yang sama tidak disediakan kepada pihak lain di luar kumpulan syarikat.
Kesimpulan dan Cadangan
a. Individu mengawal kedua syarikat A dan C,
perkhidmatan disediakan bukan oleh individu tetapi Syarikat C kepada Syarikat
B.
b. Peraturan 3 menerangkan : ‘Where a
company…provides any taxable service…’; dan
Peraturan 4 menerangkan: ‘…if one company controls each of the other
companies’ serta Peraturan 7 mencatat : ‘Where a company is controlled …by two
or more companies,…’.
c. Dalam senario yang dikemukakan oleh MORINARU
Consultant, Syarikat C tidak memiliki saham dalam Syarikat A dan syarikat A
juga tidak memiliki saham dalam Syarikat C tetapi kedua syarikat mempunyai
seorang pemegang saham yang mengawal kedua syarikat tersebut (common
controlling shareholder).
d. Apabila Peraturan 3, 4 dan 7 dibaca literally,
pemegang saham individu tidak boleh menganggap mendapat layanan seperti
syarikat kerana kepentingan saham dalam kedua syarikat (by virtue of control of both companies).
Jika contohnya individu tersebut menubuhkan sebuah syarikat Syarikat B dan Syt
B mengambilalih kepentingan sahamnya,ia akan memenuhi kelayakan 3. Berikut adalah satu lagi keputusan yang telah dibuat keatas suatu permohonan melibatkan keadaan yang sama.
Saturday, 16 March 2019
Management & Consultancy (Perkhidmatan Pengurusan dan Perundingan)
Continued from previous post under :
GROUP G: PROFESSIONALS
For the purpose of this Group, any taxable person in column (1)
of Group G having a total value of taxable service, whether combined or singly,
of more than RM 500,000 of any one or more taxable services specified in column
(2) of such Group shall be liable for registration under section 13 of the Act.
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
Taxable
person
|
Taxable
service
|
Total
value of taxable service
|
7. Any person who provides consultancy services, excluding
approved companies with status or definitions as research and development
companies and contract research and development companies under section 2 of
the Promotion of Investments Act 1986 [Act 327] and
approved research institute under section 34B of the Income Tax
Act 1967 [Act 53].
9. Any person who provides management services, excluding the
management services provided by—
(a) any developer, joint management body or management
corporation to the owners of a building held under a strata title;
(b) any person who is licensed or registered with the Securities
Commission Malaysia for carrying out the regulated activity of fund
management under the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 [Act 671]; or
(c) any person, Government agency, local authority or statutory
body for the purposes of religious, welfare, bereavement, health or public
transport services.
|
(e)
Provision of engineering
consultancy
services or other professional services, excluding—
(i) provision of such services in connection with goods or land
situated outside Malaysia or where the subject matter relates to a country
outside Malaysia;
(ii) in relation to such services, provision of any service
which requires the payment of any statutory fees to the Federal Government,
or any State Government or statutory body.
(g) Provision of consultancy services including professional
consultancy services other than specifically mentioned in this Schedule,
excluding—
(i) provision of consultancy services relating to healthcare
services and veterinary services;
(ii) provision of consultancy services in connection with—
(A) goods or land situated outside Malaysia; or
(B) other than matters relating to matters specified in (A)
outside Malaysia.
(i)
Provision of all types of management services including project management or
project coordination, excluding provision of such services in connection
with—
(i)
goods or land situated outside Malaysia; or
(ii)
other than matters relating to matters specified in (i) outside Malaysia.
|
RM
500,000
|
KEPUTUSAN YANG DIBERIKAN
Komen: Keputusan seperti ini adalah tidak tepat. Penasihat-penasihat Cukai telah menggunakan keputusan ini sebagai dasar dan mendesak supaya dipatuhi dalam situasi lain di kemudian hari. Susulannya Jabatan tidak dapat mengutip cukai yang sepatutnya dikenakan dan dibayar kepada Jabatan
Permohonan daripada Syarikat kepada Jabatan :
Perkhidmatan Perundingan Rekaan dan Kejuruteraan dijalankan di luar negara tetapi adalah berkaitan perkara dalam Malaysia- lihat para (A). Bagitu juga perkhidmatan penyelarasan rekaan (project coordination)
For further reference be advised to refer link :Customs Dept Guide on Consultancy
KOMEN : Penasihat Cukai menggunakan keputusan yang terdahulu sebagai mengikat Jabatan walaupun keadaan adalah berbeza ataupun keputusan terdahulu adalah satu kesilapan
Juga gelaran sebagai "Kontraktor" yang dikatakan hanya melaksanakan apa yang telah ditetapkan adalah tidak tepat. Walaupun tugas yang dijalankan adalah pembinaan mengikut pelan ianya merupakan perkhidmatan pengurusan kerana Projek tersebut bukan projek sendiri tetapi dijalankan bagi pihak lain, Kontraktor tidak hanya terdiri daripada pekerja pembinaan tetapi mempunyai Penyelia dan Pengurusan. Gaji dan Upah Pengurusan merupakan perkhidmatan yang kena cukai
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